Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Cuban Population: A Three-Year Analysis of Incidence, Risk Factors and Shifts in Surgical Practice
Keywords:
rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; incidence; clinical profile; surgical trends.Abstract
Objective: To characterize the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, and surgical management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Villa Clara Province, Cuba, over a three-year period.
Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted with 75 patients. Demographic, clinical, anatomical, and surgical variables were collected. Incidence was calculated per 100,000 inhabitants with 95% confidence intervals. Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and an ordinal logistic regression model were applied.
Results: Annual incidence was 2.87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2022, 3.65 in 2023, and 4.21 in 2024, with a cumulative incidence of 3.55. The relative increase reached 46,7%. Baseline characteristics and risk factors remained homogeneous across the years. Duration of symptoms was identified as an independent predictor of advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (B=0,671; p<0.001). The most relevant finding was the change in surgical practice: pneumatic retinopexy increased from 23,6% in 2022 to 52,4% in 2024 (χ²=7,633; p=0,022), without compromising overall rates of primary or final anatomical success.
Conclusions: The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment showed an upward trend. Duration of symptoms was confirmed as a predictive factor for advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The increased use of pneumatic retinopexy did not compromise treatment effectiveness, underscoring the significance of this change in surgical practice and supporting its usefulness in resource-limited settings.
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