Clinical-epidemiologic Characteristics and Visual Outcomes in Patients with Intraocular Foreign Bodies
Keywords:
ocular trauma, intraocular foreign body, visual acuityAbstract
Objective: To determine clinical-epidemiologic characteristics and visual outcomes in patients with intraocular foreign body.
Methods: A descriptive, prospective longitudinal study was conducted in patients with intraocular foreign body, attended at the Vitreoretinal Service of the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from 2020 to 2023. A structured survey was used to collect data, which were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics.
Results: They were predominantly male (96.7%) with a mean age of 39 years. They were more frequent in urban environment (55.4 %), at home (50 %) and as a result of hammering (82.6 %). The left eye was affected in 51.1 %, with no significant differences (p = 0.835). Initial visual acuity was from light preception to hand movement (55.4 %). Metallic foreign bodies were predominant (97.8 %), preretinal (55.4 %) and extracted (78.3 %). Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common complication (38 %). Risk factors for endophthalmitis (34.6 %) were rural environment (OR: 1.8; CI: 0.6-4.6; p = 0.172) and wounds ≤4mm (OR: 1.9; CI: 0.6-5.1; p = 0.200), but not significant. 35.9 % were in OTS category 3, with association with AVSC (p < 0.001; V = 0.554). MAVC was PL-MM (29.3 %), with positive correlation with AVSC (p <0.001; rho= 0.443).
Conclusions: Intraocular foreign body trauma is frequent in young men, usually metallic foreign bodies, as a result of hammering and preretinal location. Endophthalmitis occurs in relation to rural environment and small wounds. There is improvement of visual acuity in the final evaluation. Patients are placed in category 3 of the Ocular Trauma Score, with overlaps in categories 2 and 3.
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