Ophthalmic Arterial Resistance in Chronic Kidney Disease without Dialytic Treatment associated with Primary Arterial Hypertension
Keywords:
ophthalmic arterial resistance index, ophthalmic arterial Doppler ultrasound, chronic kidney disease, primary arterial hypertension, atherosclerotic risk factorsAbstract
Purpose: To characterize ophthalmic arterial resistance in patients with chronic kidney disease without dialysis treatment associated with primary arterial hypertension. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 126 orbits of 63 patients with chronic kidney disease without dialysis treatment associated with primary arterial hypertension. Atherosclerotic risk factors were identified by interrogation and physical examination. In addition, orbital ultrasound and carotid Doppler were performed, and only if they were normal, the resistance indexes of the ophthalmic arteries were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound.
Results: Patients older than 40 years of age, male sex, black and white skin color, and chronic renal patients in stage 3A predominated, while smoking was the main atherosclerotic risk factor. All patients showed a significant increase in vascular resistance at the level of the ophthalmic arteries, while smokers, obese patients and excessive alcohol consumers showed the highest hemodynamic values. Likewise, cases with more risk factors present and more advanced renal damage evidenced the highest resistance indices.
Conclusions: The ophthalmic arterial resistance index, as a potential biomarker of renal damage, should be one of the parameters to be considered as part of the evaluation and follow-up in patients with chronic kidney disease associated with primary arterial hypertension.
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