Ophthalmic Arterial Doppler Ultrasound Findings in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Objective: To determine ophthalmic arterial Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.

Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 212 orbits of 106 patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (stages 4 and 5 in dialysis treatment). Atherosclerotic risk factors were identified by interrogation and physical examination. In addition, orbital ultrasound and carotid Doppler were performed, and only if they were normal, the ophthalmic arteries were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound.

Results: Patients older than 50 years, male sex, mestizo skin color and normal weight predominated, while arterial hypertension, smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the main atherosclerotic risk factors. An increase in flow velocity and vascular resistance at the level of the ophthalmic arteries was demonstrated in all chronic renal patients, while cases with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as exclusive hypertensives, showed the highest hemodynamic values.

Conclusions: The evaluation of the ophthalmic arteries by Doppler ultrasound allows a more comprehensive study and follow-up of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.