Eales disease

Abstract

Eales disease is an idiopathic, frequently bilateral and asymmetric peripheral retinal obliterative vasculitis. It is more frequently diagnosed in young individuals between 20 and 40 years old, male and with health history. Clinically, it is characterized by three sequential vascular responses that determine the course of the disease: inflammation (retinal periphlebitis), occlusion (peripheral retina without perfusion), and neovascularization of the optic disc or retina that can lead to vitreous hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on eye fundus findings using indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy and posterior segment biomicroscopy, complementary studies such as fluorescein angiography, and auxiliary studies that allow other complications to be detected, such as optical coherence tomography. The following is the case of an 8-year-old female, black patient, with health history of decreased vision and deviation of the left eye of one month of evolution. An exhaustive questioning was carried out on the relatives, a complete ophthalmological examination showed evidence of partial vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye and a total one in the left eye. Therefore, multiple complementary exams and interconsultations with the uveitis management, pediatrics and hematology services were indicated. The patient was diagnosed with Eales disease and treatment consisted of panphotocoagulation in the right eye and vitrectomy, membranectomy, and panphotocoagulation surgery in the left eye.