Contrast sensitivity in pediatric ages

Abstract

Contrast sensitivity is the ability to distinguish differences in luminance between adjacent areas. Its threshold is estimated as the smallest amount of contrast needed to achieve such a distinction. Visual acuity measurement quantifies high contrast vision. However, the objects around us are not only characterized by high contrast: they display different levels of contrast and size, which may be determined through the study of contrast sensitivity, either with low contrast charts or spatial frequency tests, to be used according to the pediatric patient's age. The purpose of the study was to present various criteria about contrast sensitivity in pediatric ages. To achieve this end, a search was conducted in different publications and texts from the specialty. A debate is currently in progress about the pediatric age in which adult contrast sensitivity is achieved and the standard values to be verified with the different tests applied in childhood. Contrast sensitivity assessment is one more tool to evaluate visual function and determine visual acuity and color vision. Further studies are required about the subject aimed at unifying criteria so as to improve the care of the pediatric population.

Key words: Contrast sensitivity; contrast sensitivity function; contrast sensitivity test.